Preface

Carsten Burkhardt's Web Project Paeonia - The Peony Library

Paeonia-Literatur 2006

Peony rockii and Gansu Mudan

Will McLewin Dezhong Chen

10. GANSU MUDAN CULTIVAR PICTURES, arranged by colour and form

The classification categories of 9.1 lead to a natural ordering and a corresponding reference number for each cultivar that locates each in the sequence of pictures.

Colour	Form
1. white	1. single
2. yellow	2. lotus
3. green	3. rose
4. pink	4. anemone
5. red	5. crown
6. purple	6. globular
7. black	-
8. blue	-
9. blended/mixed	-

Within each of the nine colours, beginning with white, cultivars are grouped in the six form categories, beginning with single. Thus 1.3.10 Bei Ji Hu is the tenth cultivar with rose form and white colour and 4.6.18 He Ping Lian is the eighteenth cultivar with globular form and pink colour.

Cultivars are placed in numerical order apart from small displacements to accommodate pictures of different sizes.

In addition to the named cultivars, in each category a selection of unnamed plants that are still 'on trial' are illustrated. These are numbered only, for example 1.3#2 and 4.6#3, and not referred to elsewhere.

For a few cultivars there are two to four pictures as examples to show significantly different looking flowers on the same plant.

255

SECTION 4

NOTES AND LISTS

11. MAIN CULTIVAR LIST AND NOTES

11.1 Main cultivar list in numerical order, with basic cultivar form details

11.2 Explanatory notes on the English Equivalents of Gansu Mudan Cultivar Names 267

11.3 Pronunciation of pinyin names 271

255

12. CULTIVAR REFERENCE LISTS

12.1 Pinyin cultivar names in alphabetical order 272

12.2 Chinese character cultivar names in numerical order

272

277

11. MAIN CULTIVAR LIST AND NOTES

11.1 Main cultivar list in numerical order, with basic cultivar form details

Columns one to three give the reference number for each cultivar, its correct cultivar name and the basic meaning in English of the Chinese name. The fourth column gives the period during which the cultivar was named and introduced and the person who named the cultivar. The fifth column indicates growth characteristics of the cultivar where it has been observed to be significantly different from average.

In column three * indicates there is a note in 11.2.

In column four CDZ denotes Chen Dezhong, CFH denotes Chen Fuhui, CFF denotes Chen Fufei, HT denotes Hong Tao.

1 denotes before 1985,

2 denotes 1986 to 1992,

3 denotes 1993 to 1994,

4 denotes 1995 to 2002,

5 denotes 2003 to 2005.

In column five E and L denote Early and Late flowering, V denotes Vigorous, S and U denote Spreading and Upright growth habit

CHAPTER 11 MAIN CULTIVAR LIST AND NOTES

257

number	pinyin name	basic meaning	date		form

1.1#01				112
1.1#02				112
1.1#03				108
1.1#04				108
1.1#05				108
1.1#06				105
1.1#07				109
1.1#08				108
1.1#09				109
1.1#10				109
1.1#11				109
1.1#12				110
1.1#13				112
1.1#14				110
1.1#15				110
1.1#16				110
1.1#17				110
1.1#18				110
1.1#19				111
1.1#20				111
1.1#21				111
1.1#22				112
1.1#23				112
1.1#24				112
1.1#25				113
1.1#26				113
1.1#27				113
1.1#29				114
1.1#30				114
1.1#31				114
1.1#32				114
1.1#34				114
1.1#35				114
1.1#36				115
1.1#37				115
1.1#38				112
1.1#39				115
1.1#40				115
1.1#41				115
1.1#42				115
1.1#43				115
1.1#44				115
1.1#45				115
1.1#46				115
1.1#47				115
1.1#48				115
1.1#49				116
1.1#50				116
1.1#51				116
1.1.01	Bing Shan Xue Lian	Icy Mountain Snow Lotus	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	004, 106	E
1.1.02	Shu Sheng Peng Mo	Scholar Holding Ink*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	116		V
1.1.03	Bai Bi Lan Xia	White and Blue Clouds	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	116		V	s
1.1.04	Hei Fa Nu Lang	Black-haired Girl	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	116
1.1.05	Xue Hai Bing Xin	Snow Sea Icy Heart*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	116
1.1.06	Da Xue Hai Bing Xin	Big Snow Sea Icy Heart	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	110
1.1.07	Yu Feng Dian Tou	Jade Phoenix Nodding Head	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	116
1.1.08	Bai He Liang Chi	White Crane Showing Wings	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	116			u
1.1.09	Wu Fa Lan Dai	Black Hair Blue Belt	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	116
1.1.10	Xue Hai Chen Guang	Snow Sea Morning Light	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	108
1.1.11	Yin Pan Zi Zhu	Silver Plate Purple Pearl	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	105
1.1.12	Ju He San Bian	Giant Lotus Three Changes	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	116
1.1.13	Mu Chun Bai	Late Spring White	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	116	L
1.1.14	Hei Long Tan	Black Dragon's Pond	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	117
1.1.15	Yi Dian Mo	Spot of Ink	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	117,		V	u
1.1.16	Yi Ding Mo	Ink Stick*	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	117		V
1.1.17	Yu Long Bei	Jade Dragon's Cup	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	068, 117		V
1.1.18	Wu Kong Xiu Xing	Wu Kong's Meditation*	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	117
1.1.19	Xiong Mao	Panda*	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	117, 105, 107
1.1.20	Hei Bai Fen Ming	Black and White Clear Division	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	117	L	V
1.1.21	Zhong Xing Peng Yue	Many Stars Holding the Moon	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	117
1.1.22	Bei Ji Xiong	Polar Bear	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	117		V	s
1.1.23	Xue Hai Fang Xin	Snow Sea Sweet Heart	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	117
1.1.24	Xue Hai Dan Xin	Snow Sea Red Heart	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	113
1.1.25	Xiao Bai Yu	Small White Jade	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	118
1.1.26	Yan Huang Er Nu	Children of the Yellow River*	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	118
1.1.27	Hei Fa Dan Xin	Black Hair Red Heart	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	118
1.1.28	Wu Jiao Xing	Five-pointed Star*	Chen Fufei between 1986 and 1992	118
1.1.29	Yan Hua Chu Fang	Firework Display Begins	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	118
1.1.30	Yin Die Fei Wu	Silver Butterfly Flying	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	113
1.1.31	Pan Pan	Pan Pan*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	118, 106
1.1.32	Mo Ban Yin Guang	Magic Blotch Silver Light	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	113
1.1.33	Fu Ai	Father's Love	Chen Fuhui between 1986 and 1992	118
1.1.34	Ai	Love	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	118
1.1.35	Yin Pan Tuo Gui	Anemone on Silver Plate	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	118
1.1.36	Mei Ran Gong	Handsome Bearded Man*	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	118
1.1.37	Tong Xin Tong De	One Heart One Mind*	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	118
1.1.38	Cao Chuan Jie Jian	Straw Boats Borrow Arrows*	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	119
1.1.39	Bei Ji Guang	Aurora Borealis	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	119
1.1.40	Xin Xing	New Star	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	119
1.1.41	Hong Xia Ying Xue	Red Cloud Reflected in Snow	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	119
1.1.42	Tu Xing	Earth Star*	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	119
1.1.43	Fo Guang Fen	Buddhist-light Pink	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	119, 111
1.1.44	Zhao Jun Fei Yun	Zhao Jun's Blushes*	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	119
1.1.45	Bei Dou Xing	The Plough*	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	113		V
1.1.46	Da Mo Gu Yan	Great Desert Solitary Smoke	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	107
1.1.47	Ao Yun Zhi Guang	Olympic Games Flame	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	114
1.1.48	Fen Die Chu Yu	Pink Butterfly Young Wings	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	119
1.1.49	Yu Shan Guan Jin	Feather Fan Silk Braid*	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	119
1.1.50	Xue Yu Zhi Huan	The Joys of Snow	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	119
1.1.51	Hong Zong Lie Ma	Red-maned Horse	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	108
1.1.52	Ju Ban Fen	Huge Blotch Pink	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	119
1.1.53	Jin Si Bai	Gold Thread White	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	119
1.1.54	Jin Ye Bai	Gold-leaved White	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	114	L
1.1.55	Dian Jin Yan Wei Fen	Gold-dotted Swallow-tail Pink	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	120
1.1.56	Zong Ban Bai	Brown-blotched White	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	109
1.1.57	Guan Ai	Loving Care	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	120, 109	L
1.1.58	Xue Hua	Snowflake	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	120
1.2#01	-	-	-	121
1.2#02	-	-	-	121
1.2#03	-	-	-	124
1.2#04	-	-	-	126
1.2#05	-	-	-	121
1.2#06	-	-	-	122
1.2#07	-	-	-	122
1.2#08	-	-	-	122
1.2#09	-	-	-	122
1.2#10	-	-	-	122
1.2#11	-	-	-	122
1.2#12	-	-	-	122
1.2#13	-	-	-	122
1.2#14	-	-	-	122
1.2#15	-	-	-	122
1.2#16	-	-	-	122
1.2#17	-	-	-	122
1.2#18	-	-	-	124
1.2.01	Yao Tai Jiu Nu	Nine Girls at Yao Tai*	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	125
1.2.02	Yin Yang Shan	Yin and Yang Fan*	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	124
1.2.03	Hong Chi Wei Bo	Red Pond Small Wave	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	124
1.2.04	Ji Gong	Ji Gong*	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	127	L
1.2.05	Yu Tang Chun	Jade Hall Spring*	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	127
1.2.06	Re Xue Qing Chun	Hot-blooded Youth	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	124
1.2.07	Hong Fa Mo Nu	Red-haired Magic Lady	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	121
1.2.08	Yin Hai Hong Bo	Silver Sea Red Wave	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	124
1.2.09	Xiu Fa Pi Jian	Beautiful Hair Covering Shoulders	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	124	L	V
1.2.10	Qin Jin Zhi Hao	Qin and Jin United*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	125		V
1.2.11	Fen Lou Cha Cui	Pink Pavilion with Emeralds	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	126
1.2.12	Qing Hai Hu Yin Bo	Silver Swell on Qing Hai Lake*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	125		V
1.2.13	Yuan Yang Pu	Mandarin Duck Music*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	125	L	V
1.2.14	Yu Lu Lian Dan	Jade Stove Makes Pills of Immortality*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	121, 123, 125 (2x)	L	V
1.2.15	Long Gong De Bao	Dragon Palace Treasure*	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	125	L	V	s
1.2.16	Hong Guang Man Mian	Ruddy Complexion*	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	120, 123	L
1.3#02	-	-	-	126
1.3#03	-	-	-	126
1.3#04	-	-	-	126
1.3.01	Gui Fu Ren	Chic Lady	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	128
1.3.02	Fei Tian	Flying in the Sky	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	128			u
1.3.03	Fen Mian Tao Sai	Pink Face Peach Cheek	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	128, 130
1.3.04	Xiao Xue	Little Snow*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	128
1.3.05	Xue Li Cang Jin	Gold Hidden in Snow	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	129		V	u
1.3.06	He Luo Yin Hai	Crane Landing on Silver Sea	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	129
1.3.07	Lian Hua Shan	Lotus Mountain*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	126
1.3.08	Yu Nu Tan Hai	Jade Girl Exploring the Sea	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	126, 129	L	V
1.3.09	Yin Lou Hui Cai	Silver Pagoda Colourful Pictures	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	129
1.3.10	Bei Ji Hu	Arctic Fox	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	126
1.3.11	Xue Shan Yu Hui	Snow Mountain Evening Glow	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	127
1.3.12	Xue Zhan Chang Ban Po	Battle at Chang Ban Pass*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	127 (2x)
1.3.13	Xue Shan Fei Hong	Rainbow over Snow Mountain	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	130
1.3.14	Ba Jiao Shan	Palm-leaf Fan*	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	127
1.3.15	Hong Ban Ju Hua Bai	Red Blotch Chrysanthemum White	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	131
1.3.16	Bing Shan Dian Yun	Icy Mountain Rosy Mist	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	131			u
1.3.17	Bai Yi Da Xia	White-coated Cavalier*	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	131	L	V	u
1.3.18	Fen Yu	Pink Jade	Chen Dezhong before 1985	127
1.3.19	Li Hua Zui Jiu	Tipsy Li Hua*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	127		V	u
1.3.20	Yu Guan Cai Dai	Jade Crown Colourful Belt	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	131
1.4#01	-	-	-	128
1.4#02	-	-	-	128
1.4#03	-	-	-	128
1.4#04	-	-	-	129
1.4#05	-	-	-	129
1.4#06	-	-	-	129
1.4#07	-	-	-	131
1.4.01	Qi E Wo Bing	Penguins on the Ice	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	131
1.4.02	Xue Shan Jin Ding	Snow Mountain Gold Summit	Chen Dezhong before 1985	131, 132		V
1.4.03	Xing Long Rui Xue	Good Snow on Xing Long Mountain*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	132		V
1.4.04	Zhen Zhu Bai	Pearl White	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	132
1.4.05	Jiao Yu	Graceful Girl	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	132
1.4.06	Dian Jin Bai Yan Wei	White Swallow Tail Speckled Gold	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	132 (2x)			s
1.4.07	Yan Wei Bai	Swallow Tail White	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	134 (3x)		V
1.4.08	Jin Bo Dang Yang	Gentle Gold Waves	Chen Dezhong before 1985	132
1.4.09	Ju Hua Huang	Chrysanthemum Yellow	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	134
1.4.10	Qi Lian Cai Hong	Qi Lian Mountain Rainbow	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	133
1.4.11	Fen Guan Jin Zhu	Pink Crown Gold Pearl	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	133, 135	E	V
1.4.12	Ju Hua Fen	Chrysanthemum Pink	Chen Dezhong before 1985	133, 135
1.4.13	Liu Yao Bai	Slender White	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	135
1.4.14	Yu Lou Pi Cai	Coloured Jade Palace	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	135	L
1.4.15	Yin Shan Dan Xia	Silver Mountain Red Clouds	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	133
1.5#01	-	-	-	139
1.5#02	-	-	-	134
1.5#03	-	-	-	134
1.5#04	-	-	-	134
1.5.01	Yu Ban Xiu Qiu	Jade Petal Embroidered Glow	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	135	E	V
1.5.02	Fen Bi Sheng Hui	Glorious Pink and Green	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	136	L	V
1.5.03	Bai Zhang Bing	Great Ice Cliff	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	141		V
1.5.04	Jiang Tai Gong Diao Yu	Wise Jiang Fishes*	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	135 (2x), 140	L	V
1.5.05	Jin Cheng Ming Yue	Gold City Clear Moon*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	140		V
1.5.06	Yu Guan Jin Zhu	Jade Crown Gold Pearl	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	136
1.5.07	Xing Yun	Star Cloud	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	136
1.5.08	Tian Shan Ri Chu	Sunrise at Tian Mountain	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	136	L	V	u
1.5.09	Xing Guang Can Lan	Star Light Splendour	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	136
1.5.10	Yu Lou Shan Jin	Jade Building Shining Gold	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	136
1.5.11	Feng Chu	Young Phoenix	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	136	L		u
1.5.12	Jiao Mei	Favourite Beauty	Chen Dezhong between 2003 and 2005	140
1.5.13	Yu Guan Hei Fa	Jade Crown Black Hair	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	137
1.5.14	Yu Guan Lan Dai	Jade Crown Blue Belt	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	137, 138, 140	L	V	s
1.5.15	Xue Shan Wan Xia	Snow Mountain Sunset Glow	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	139		V
1.5.16	Huo Fo Ju Shou	Gathering of Living Buddhas	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	137
1.5.17	Yin Ju Cui Rui	Silver Chrysanthemum Green Stamens	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	141
1.5.18	Huang He Lou	Yellow River Pagoda	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	137	E
1.5.19	Yin Zhuang Su Guo	Range of Snowy Mountains	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	138		V
1.5.20	Long Yuan Xue	Snow on Gansu Plateau	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	137			u
1.5.21	Yu Guan Xiang Cui	Jade Crown Inlaid with Emeralds	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	137
1.5.22	Xue Yuan Zao Chun	Snowy Plain in Early Spring	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	138		V
1.5.23	Yu Lou Xiang Cui	Jade Pavilion Inlaid with Emeralds	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	141
1.5.24	Bai Yi Nu Xia	White-coated Martial Arts Girl	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	138
1.5.25	Fen Ge Miao Jin	Pink Pavilion Gold Paint	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	141
1.5.26	Xiao Lou Dian Yun	Small Pavilion Speckled Colour	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	139
1.5.27	Lan Hua Nu	Orchid Girl	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	137, 139
1.6#01	-	-	-	140
1.6#02	-	-	-	140
1.6#03	-	-	-	140
1.6#04	-	-	-	141
1.6#05	-	-	-	141
1.6.01	Xue Ye Han Yan	Snow Wilderness Cold Smoke	Chen Dezhong before 1985	141
1.6.02	Yu Lou Gang Jiao	Jade Building Hidden Maidens	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	144
1.6.03	Bei Guo Feng Guang	Northern Landscapes*	Chen Dezhong before 1985	142		V
1.6.04	Xue Yuan Xing Huo	Snow Plateau Twinkling Lights	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	142
1.6.05	Yue Zhao Kun Lun	Moonlight on Kun Lun Mountain	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	142		V
1.6.06	Bai Pao Jin Dai	White Robe Silk Belt	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	142(3x)	L	V	u
1.6.07	Wu Duo Jin Hua	Five Gold Maidens*	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	142
1.6.08	Kun Lun Qiu Se	Autumn Colour in Kun Lun Mountains	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	143
1.6.09	Yin Bai He	Silver Lily	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	143		V
1.6.10	Bai Yun Hong Xia	White Clouds and Red Clouds	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	143		V	s
1.6.11	Tian Gao Yun Dan	High Sky Faint Cloud	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	143
1.6.12	Gao Lou Gang Jiao	High Building Hidden Maidens	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	143	L	V	u
1.6.13	Sai Bai He	Better than Bai He*	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	144
1.6.14	Bai Xiu Qiu	Peace White Embroidered Globe	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	143, 144
1.6.15	Yan Rao Bai Ta	Smoke Encircling White Pagoda*	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	143
2.1.01	Huang Lian	Yellow Lotus	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	147
2.1.02	Yin Si Bai	Silver Thread White	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	145, 146
2.1.03	Yu He Dian Yun	Blushing Jade Lotus	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	146
2.1.04	Pan Deng	Aiming High	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	146
2.1.05	Xiao Xue Hai Bing Xin	Small Snow Sea Icy Heart	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	146
2.1.06	Xue Hai Yin Zhen	Snow Sea Silver Needle	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	146	L
2.1.07	Hong Shu Lin	Red Forest	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	147, 148
2.1.08	Huang He	The Yellow River	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	148
2.1.09	Huang Tu Gao Yuan	Yellow Earth High Plateau	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	146		V
2.1.10	Huang Shan Chen Xi	Yellow Mountain Morning Glory*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	146
2.3.01	Yu Guan Yue	Moon Above Jade Pass	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	148
2.3.02	Gao Yuan Shen Qiu	High Plateau Late Autumn	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	148
2.3.03	Wan Xue Ying Chun	Late Snow Welcomes Spring	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	148			s
2.4#01	-	-	-	148
2.4.01	Juan Bian Huang	Curled Edge Yellow	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	148
2.5.01	Ju Hua Bai	Chrysanthemum White	Chen Dezhong before 1985	148	E	V
2.5.02	Huang Yun	Yellow Clouds	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	145		V	s
2.5.03	Bing Shan Gang Yu	Icy Mountain Hides Jade	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	145	E	V
2.6.01	Huang Jin Yu Zhui	Yellow Scarf Jade Tassel	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	148
3.1#01	-	-	-	148
3.1#02	-	-	-	148
3.1#03	-	-	-	148
3.1.01	Chun Dao Long Yuan	Spring Arriving at Gansu Plateau	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	151	L
3.4#01	-	-	-	149
3.5#01	-	-	-	149
3.5#02	-	-	-	149
3.5#03	-	-	-	149
3.5.01	Li Ren Zhuang	Beauty's Make-up	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	150
3.5.02	Jing Yu Dian Cui	Crystal Jade Speckled Emerald	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	150	L
3.5.03	Fen Yu Dian Cui	Pink Jade Speckled Emerald	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	149
3.5.04	Bing Shan Fei Cui	Icy Mountain Green Jade	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	150			u
3.6#01	-	-	-	151
3.6#02	-	-	-	149
3.6#03	-	-	-	149
4.1#01	-	-	-	156
4.1#02	-	-	-	154
4.1#03	-	-	-	154
4.1#04	-	-	-	154
4.1#05	-	-	-	154
4.1#07	-	-	-	154
4.1#08	-	-	-	154
4.1#09	-	-	-	155
4.1#10	-	-	-	157
4.1#11	-	-	-	155
4.1#12	-	-	-	157
4.1#13	-	-	-	155 (2x)
4.1.01	Fen He	Pink Lotus	Chen Dezhong before 1985	153	E	V
4.1.02	Fen Chi Ying Yue	Pink Pond Reflecting the Moon	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	155		V	s
4.1.03	Hong Hai Yin Zhou	Red Sea Silver Boat	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	155
4.1.04	Mo Chi Ying Yue	Black Pond Reflecting the Moon	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	154
4.1.05	Hong Lian	Red Lotus	Chen Dezhong before 1985	156
4.1.06	Xing Gao Cai Lie	Exhilaration*	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	155
4.1.07	Lue Shi Fen Dai	A Little Make-up	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	152		V
4.1.08	Ying Ri He Hua	Lotus Flower Reflecting the Sun	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	156	L
4.1.09	Fo Guang Hong	Buddhist-light Red	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	154
4.1.10	Mo Chi Yan Xia	Black Pond Smoky Cloud	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	155
4.1.11	Long Yuan Fen	Gansu Plateau Pink	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	157
4.1.12	Tie Mian Wu Si	Incorruptible Judge*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	152, 156 (2x)		V
4.1.13	Jiao Yang	Blazing Sun	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	156
4.1.14	Gui Zhong Shao Fu	Young Wife at Home	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	153
4.2#01	-	-	-	160
4.2#02	-	-	-	156
4.2#03	-	-	-	156
4.2#04	-	-	-	160
4.2#05	-	-	-	156
4.2.01	MoNu	Sourceress	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	158
4.2.02	Xue Yuan Yu Hui	Snowy Plain Sunset	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	160
4.2.03	Jiu Zhou Tai	Nine Continent Platform*	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	159
4.2.04	Hong Hai Yin Lang	Red Ocean Silver Waves	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	158
4.2.05	Ne Zha Nao Hai	Ne Zha Overturns the Sea*	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	160
4.2.06	Er Long Xi Zhu	Two Dragons Play with a Pearl*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	160
4.2.07	Wan Hua Hong	Late Flower Red	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	160
4.2.08	Wan Hua Zi	Late Flower Purple	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	159	L	V
4.3#01	-	-	-	161
4.3#02	-	-	-	161
4.3#03	-	-	-	161
4.3#04	-	-	-	161
4.3#05	-	-	-	161
4.3.01	Fo Guang	Buddhist Light	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	165
4.3.02	Fen Mo Deng Chang	Pink Ink on to the Stage*	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	161, 256
4.3.03	Tan Hua Fen	Ephemeral Pink	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	161, 163		V	s
4.3.04	Wen Jun Xin Meng	Wen Jun's New Dream*	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	161
4.3.05	Long Yuan Er Qiao	Gansu Plateau Two Beauties	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	162
4.3.06	Da Qian Shi Jie	The Boundless Universe	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	162
4.3.07	He Tang Qiu Bo	Lotus Pond Autumn Wave	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	163
4.3.08	Jin Cheng Wan Xia	Gold City Evening Clouds*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	164
4.3.09	He Ping Fen	Peace Pink	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	163		V
4.3.10	Qiang Wei Fen	Rose Pink	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	162
4.4#01	-	-	-	164
4.4#02	-	-	-	164
4.4#03	-	-	-	165
4.4.01	Yu Lou Fen	Jade Pavilion Pink	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	164
4.4.02	Qian Zi Bai Tai	Thousand Posture Hundred Forms*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	164
4.4.03	Fen Guan Cai Die	Pink Crown Colourful Butterfly	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	165
4.4.04	Fen Guan Yu Dai	Pink Crown Jade Belt	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	164
4.4.05	Fen Yu San Tai	Pink Jade Three Tiers	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	164, 167			s
4.4.06	Zi Xia Dong Zhao	Purple Glow Eastern Light	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	166
4.4.07	Xue Shan Chui Yan	Snow Mountain Cooking Smoke	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	165
4.4.08	Hong Yi Nu Lang	Lady in Red	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	165			s
4.4.09	Qing Chun	Youth	Chen Dezhong before 1985	164
4.4.10	Dai Yu Zang Hua	Dai Yu Buries Flowers*	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	165			s
4.4.11	Zhen Zhu Nu	Pearl Girl	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	165
4.4.12	Zi Yun Feng	Purple Cloud Summit	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	165
4.5#01	-	-	-	168
4.5#02	-	-	-	168
4.5.01	Fen Yan Jiao	Pink Graceful Lady	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	168	L
4.5.02	Xia Guang Wan Li	Morning Light from Afar*	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	168
4.5.03	Xia Ran Qing Shan	Morning Glow on Green Mountain	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	168
4.5.04	Mu Yang Nu	Shepherdess	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	173
4.5.05	Shen Nu	Goddess	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	168
4.5.06	Zi Xian Nu	Purple Thread Lady	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	170
4.5.07	Chang E Shu Xiu	Chang E Unrolls Sleeves*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	168		V
4.5.08	Xiao Xia	Martial Arts Youngster	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	168
4.5.09	Zui Fei	Tipsy Concubine*	Chen Fuhui between 1995 and 2002	170
4.5.10	Jiao Rong Chu Lu	Beautiful Complexion Emerging	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	173
4.5.11	Zhong Jie Mei	Many Sisters	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	168
4.5.12	Fen Lou Dan Xin	Pink Pavilion Red Heart	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	168, 171			u
4.5.13	Tao Hua Yuan	Peach Blossom Source	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	172
4.5.14	Jin Huan Fen	Gold Circle Pink	Chen Dezhong between 2003 and 2005	168
4.5.15	Ju Yuan Xin Xiu	Orange Garden New Talent	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	166
4.5.16	Hong Yun Shan	Red Cloud Mountain	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	168
4.5.17	Hong Xian Nu	Red Thread Woman	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	169, 173		V
4.5.18	Fen Yan Wei	Pink Swallow Tail	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	169 (2x)	L
4.5.19	Qing Feng Wan Xia	Green Summit Night Light	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	167
4.5.20	Lan Xian Diao Jin Chan	Gold Toad Hanging on a Blue Thread*	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	166		V
4.5.21	Fei Xiang Yu Zhou	Fly Towards the Universe*	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	169			u
4.5.22	Tian Mi De Meng	Sweet Dreams	Chen Dezhong before 1985	169		V
4.5.23	Li Fu Ren	Mrs Li*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	169		V
4.5.24	Tao Yuan Ju Hui	Peach Garden Meeting*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992,	171
4.5.25	Hong Lou Dian Jin	Red Pavilion Speckled Gold	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	172	E	V	u
4.5.26	Feng Guan Yu Zhu	Phoenix Crown Jade Pearl	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	167	L	V
4.5.27	He Ping Hong	Peace Red	Cheng Fangyun (?) between 1994 and 1994	174
4.5.28	Lan Guan Yu Dai	Blue Crown Jade Belt	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	174		V
4.6#01	-	-	-	174
4.6#02	-	-	-	174
4.6#03	-	-	-	174
4.6#04	-	-	-	174
4.6.01	Chu E Zhan Chi	Young Goose Spreading Wings	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	174
4.6.02	Lan Xian Nu	Blue Thread Woman	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	174 (2x), 176		V
4.6.03	Li Xia Fen	Li Xia Pink*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	174	L
4.6.04	Fen Guan Cai Dai	Pink Crown Colourful Belt	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	174, 180		V	s
4.6.05	Shen Guang Yu Lu	Morning Dew	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	174
4.6.06	Feng Juan Can Yun	Wind Gathering Scattered Clouds	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	179
4.6.07	Chun Jiang Yan Bo	Smoke-like Wave on Chun River	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	180
4.6.08	Feng Zi Xiu Se	Graceful Bearing Charming Colour	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	175	L
4.6.09	Lan Yue	Blue Moon	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	177
4.6.10	Yu Zhong Fen	Yu Zhong Pink*	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	175
4.6.11	Hong Lou Yu Ding	Red Pavilion Jade Roof	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	176	E
4.6.12	Tian Shan Xia Nu	Martial Arts Girls on Tian Mountain	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	175
4.6.13	Fen Ge Piao Cai	Pink Pavilion Bright Colours	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	175		V	u
4.6.14	Tao Hua Nu	Peach Blossom Girl	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	175		V
4.6.15	Zhong Shan Feng Yu	Wind and Rain on Zhong Mountain	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	177
4.6.16	Tao Hong Xiu Qiu	Peach Red Colourful Globe	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	175, 178		V
4.6.17	Jin Cheng Lan	Gold City Blue	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	175
4.6.18	He Ping Lan	Peace Blue	Chen Dezhong before 1985	179
4.6.19	Mai Ji Shan Yan Yun	Mai Ji Mountain Smokey Cloud*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	178
4.6.20	Yin Xian Diao Jin Gui	Fishing for Gold Turtle with a Silver Thread*	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	175
4.6.21	Diao Chan Bai Yue	Diao Chan Bows to the Moon*	Chen Dezhong before 1985	179		V
4.6.22	He Ping Hong Xiu Qiu	Peace Red Embroidered Globe	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	175
4.6.23	Fen Yu Sheng Hui	Glorious Jade Pink	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	175, 180
4.6.24	Fei Yan Gui Chao	Swallow Returns to the Nest	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	175
4.6.25	Zi Guan Yu Dai	Purple Crown Jade Belt	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	175
5.1#01	-	-	-	180
5.1#02	-	-	-	180
5.1#03	-	-	-	180
5.1#04	-	-	-	181
5.1#05	-	-	-	181
5.1#06	-	-	-	181
5.1#07	-	-	-	181
5.1#08	-	-	-	181
5.1#09	-	-	-	181
5.1#10	-	-	-	181
5.1.01	Long Yuan Hong	Gansu Plateau Red	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	182
5.1.02	Hong Hai Jin Dao	Red Ocean Gold Island	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	181
5.1.03	Ju Yuan Shao Nu	Orange Garden Young Girl	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	182, 183
5.1.04	Xi Yang Hong	Setting Sun Red	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	180
5.1.05	Re Lie	Warmth	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	181
5.1.06	Xi Qing You Yu	Happy Celebrations Continue	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	181
5.1.07	Hong Qi Man Juan	Red Flags Spreading in Triumph	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	183
5.1.08	Shen Guang	Divine Light	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	181	L
5.1.09	Zi Jin Huan	Purple Gold Circle	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	183
5.1.10	Xi Yu Bing Chuan	Glacier in the West	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	181	E	V
5.2#03	-	-	-	183
5.2#04	-	-	-	183
5.2#05	-	-	-	183
5.2#06	-	-	-	184
5.2.01	Zi Kui Xiang Ri	Purple Sunflower Facing the Sun	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002
5.2.02	Bing Xin Zi	Icy Heart Purple	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992				s
5.2.03	Yan Li	Dazzling Beauty	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	183
5.2.04	Hong Guang Ying Tian	Red Sky Light	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005
5.2.05	Mo Hai Yin Bo	Black Sea Silver Wave	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	010
5.3#01	-	-	-	184
5.3.01	Zi Ling Long	Exquisite Purple	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	184	E	V
5.3.02	Zi Yuan Yang	Purple Mandarin Duck	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	185
5.3.03	Zi Hai Yin Bo	Purple Sea Silver Wave	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	184, 185
5.3.04	Mo Guan Yu Zhu	Black Crown Jade Pearl	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	184
5.4.01	Feng Xian	Dedication	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	184	E
5.4.02	Zi Ta Dian Jin	Purple Tower Speckled Gold	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	184		V
5.5#01	-	-	-	186
5.5.01	Hong Lou Jin Chai	Red Pavilion Gold Hairpin	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	186
5.5.02	Chen Hong Yi Hao	Chen Hong Number One*	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	186
5.5.03	Li Shi Mo Kui	Best Black Li*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	186	E
5.5.04	Zi Zhou Chou	Purple Silk	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	186
5.5.05	Xuan Nu Gong	Xuan Nu's Palace*	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	186, 187
5.6#01	-	-	-	187
5.6.01	Hong Tai Yin Ge	Red Tower Silver Balcony	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	187		V	u
6.1#01	-	-	-	188
6.1#02	-	-	-	188
6.1#03	-	-	-	188
6.1#04	-	-	-	192
6.1#05	-	-	-	192
6.1#06	-	-	-	192
6.1#07	-	-	-	187
6.1#08	-	-	-	192
6.1#09	-	-	-	187
6.1#10	-	-	-	192
6.1#11	-	-	-	192
6.1#12	-	-	-	187
6.1#13	-	-	-	192
6.1#14	-	-	-	187
6.1#15	-	-	-	192
6.1#17	-	-	-	192
6.1#18	-	-	-	192
6.1#19	-	-	-	192
6.1#20	-	-	-	192
6.1#21	-	-	-	193
6.1#22	-	-	-	193
6.1#23	-	-	-	193
6.1#24	-	-	-	193
6.1#26	-	-	-	193
6.1#27	-	-	-	193
6.1#28	-	-	-	193
6.1#29	-	-	-	193
6.1#30	-	-	-	193
6.1#31	-	-	-	193
6.1#32	-	-	-	193
6.1.01	Shui Xing	Water Star*	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	189
6.1.02	YouYi	Friendship	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994
6.1.03	Hong Qian Niu	Girl Leading a Cow	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	194
6.1.04	Guang Hui Li Cheng	Glorious Journey	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	190
6.1.05	Jin Cheng Nu Lang	Gold City Lady	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	188 (3x), 194 (2x)
6.1.06	Zi Hai Yin Guang	Purple Sea Silver Light	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	194
6.1.07	Bao Gong	Judge Bao Gong*	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	190, 194
6.1.08	Lan He	Blue Lotus	Chen Dezhong before 1985	188, 189, 050
6.1.09	Nan Hai Jin Dao	South Sea Gold Island	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	194 (2x)
6.1.10	Bing Xin Lan He	Icy Heart Blue Lotus	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	194
6.1.11	Juan Bian Lan He	Curled Edge Blue Lotus	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	191			U
6.1.12	Lan Mo Shuang Hui	Blue Black Double Glory	Chen Dezhong before 1985	189, 191, 194
6.2#01	-	-	-	194
6.2#02	-	-	-	194
6.2#03	-	-	-	194
6.2#04	-	-	-	195
6.2#05	-	-	-	195
6.2.02	Gao Gan Hong	Splendid Red Sorghum	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	195
6.2.03	Hong Hai Yin Bo	Red Ocean Silver Wave	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	195 (2x)	E
6.2.04	ZiYan	Purple Ink Stone	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	196	E
6.2.05	Gu Cheng Xiang Hui	Meeting in Ancient City*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	197 (2x)	E
6.3#01	-	-	-	197
6.3#02	-	-	-	197
6.3#03	-	-	-	197
6.3#04	-	-	-	197
6.3#05	-	-	-	198
6.3#06	-	-	-	198
6.3.01	Huai Nian	Cherished Memories	Chen Dezhong before 1985	198
6.3.02	Hong Hai Feng Yun	Red Ocean Storm Clouds	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	198
6.3.03	Hong Hai Yang	Red Ocean	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	199
6.3.04	Tao Hua Shan	Peach Flower Fan*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	197, 199
6.3.05	Chun Man Ren Jian	Spring Throughout the World	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	199
6.3.06	Hong Zhen Zhu	Red Pearls	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	198
6.3.07	Hong Yu Fan Lang	Red Rain Giant Waves	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	199
6.3.08	Tao Rong	Peach Complexion	Chen Dezhong before 1985	200
6.3.09	Jin Cheng Hong	Gold City Red	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	198, 199, 201		V	U
6.3.10	Hong Yi Shao Nu	Girl in Red	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	199
6.3.11	Xiu Lou Xiang Cui	Graceful Pavilion Emerald Inlay	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	199
6.3.12	Lan Zhang Cai Wei	Blue Net Coloured Curtain	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	198	E	V
6.3.13	Xiao Ban Lan Xiu Qiu	Small Blotch Blue Embroidered Globe	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	199
6.3.14	Zhou Mei Gui	Silk Rose	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	199
6.3.15	Chen Yuan Zi	Chen's Garden Purple	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	201	L	V
6.3.16	Ri Mu Gui Tuo	Returning Camels at Sunset	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	199
6.3.17	Yi Jie Jin Lan	Pledge Friendship with Jin Lan	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	199
6.3.18	Bao Shi Lan	Diamond Blue	Chen Dezhong before 1985	200			s
6.4#01	-	-	-	202
6.4#02	-	-	-	206
6.4#03	-	-	-	199
6.4#04	-	-	-	206
6.4#05	-	-	-	202
6.4#06	-	-	-	206
6.4.01	Jing Shen Huan Fa	High Spirits*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	203
6.4.02	Hong Lou Gang Jin	Red Pavilion Hides Gold	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	204, 206
6.4.03	Hong Guan Yin Xian	Red Crown Silver Thread	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	202		V
6.4.04	Hong Hai Qing Long	Red Ocean Green Dragon	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	206
6.4.05	Jin Yu Man Shan	Gold Jade Mountain	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	206
6.4.06	Chuan Jin Dai Yin	Wearing Gold and Silver	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	207
6.4.07	Hong Yun Tu Qi	Sudden Red Cloud	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	207
6.4.08	Lan Yu San Cai	Blue Jade Three Colours	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	207 (2x)		V	U
6.4.09	Hong Xia Man Tian	Red Clouds Across the Sky	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	207		V
6.4.10	Xiao Hong Ta	Small Red Tower	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	207
6.4.11	Nong Xia Man Tian	Heavy Clouds Across the Sky	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	203
6.4.12	Zi Pao Chen Shuang	Purple Robe Morning Frost	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	203
6.4.13	Zi Guan Yu Chi	Purple Crown Jade Wing	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	207	E
6.4.14	Ju Hua Zi	Chrysanthemum Purple	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	208
6.4.15	Zi Gui Yin Mai	Purple Osmanthus Silver Veins	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	208			U
6.4.16	Zi Zhu Lin	Purple Bamboo Forest	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	202	E		U
6.4.17	Hong Lou Jing Meng	Red Chambers Surprising Dream*	Chen Dezhong before 1985	202
6.4.18	Zi Jin Guan	Purple Gold Crown	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	205
6.4.19	Jin Huan Yin Xian	Gold Circle Silver Thread	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	208
6.4.20	Zi Ta Xiang Cui	Purple Tower Emerald Inlay	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	202
6.4.21	Zi Zhen Zhu	Purple Pearl	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	208
6.4.22	Ju Hua Lan	Chrysanthemum Blue	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	208
6.4.23	Geng Shang Yi Ceng Lou	Aim Higher Still*	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	204
6.4.24	Lan Hai Yin Lang	Blue Sea Silver Wave	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	208
6.4.25	Lan Tian Meng	Blue Sky Dream	Chen Dezhong before 1985	206		V
6.4.26	Wu Yan Liu Se	Multicoloured*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	202, 205		V
6.4.27	Lan Hai Yin Bo	Blue Sea Silver Swell	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	208
6.5#01	-	-	-	208
6.5.01	Tao Yuan Chun Se	Peach Garden Spring Colour	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	208
6.5.02	Man Tang Hong	Complete Triumph*	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	208
6.5.03	Qing Si Wan Lu	Luxuriant Black Hair	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	213		V
6.5.04	Feng Cai	Glory	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	208
6.5.05	Hong Guan Xiang Cui	Red Crown Emerald Inlay	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	210
6.5.06	Hong Lou Wan Zhang	Red Pavilion Great Height	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	213
6.5.07	Cheng Xin	Devotion	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	211		V
6.5.08	Li Chun	Prolong Spring	Chen Dezhong before 1985	212	E
6.5.09	Hong Zhou Chou	Red Silk	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	208, 212
6.5.10	Yan Chun	Gorgeous Spring	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	209, 211	E	V
6.5.11	Jiao Mei	Favourite Girl	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	209, 046	E	V
6.5.12	Zi Guan Yu Zhu	Purple Crown Jade Pearl	Chen Dezhong before 1985	209, 212
6.5.13	Hong Guan Yu Zhu	Red Crown Jade Pearl	Chen Dezhong before 1985	211
6.5.14	Zi Jin Cheng	Purple Gold City	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	213			u
6.5.15	Xiang Yan	Fragrant and Beautiful	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	212
6.5.16	Zi Gong Chun Xiu	Purple Palace Spring Beauty	Chen Dezhong before 1985	210		V
6.5.17	Fu Li Hong	Beautiful Rich Red*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	209, 213		V
6.5.18	Zi Jin Ting	Pagoda on Zi Jin Mountain	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	209
6.5.19	Zi Lou Gang Yu	Purple Pavilion Hides Jade	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	209
6.5.20	Zi Lou Xiang Jin	Purple Pavilion Gold Inlay	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	209
6.5.21	Zi Pao Yin Bian	Purple Robe Silver Edge	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	209
6.5.22	Zi Luo Yin Wei	Purple and Silver Net	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	209
6.5.23	Lan Xing Shan Cui	Blue Star Glittering Emerald	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	209
6.5.24	Wu Cai Zi Xiu Qiu	Five Colour Purple Embroidered Globe	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	215
6.5.25	Mei Gui Sa Jin	Scattered Rose Petals	Chen Dezhong before 1985	209, 214
6.5.26	Zi Guan Yin Xian	Purple Crown Silver Thread	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	209	E
6.6#02	-	-	-	215
6.6#03	-	-	-	212
6.6#04	-	-	-	213
6.6.01	Hong Lou Fei Yan	Red Pavilion Flying Swallow*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	212
6.6.02	Gong Deng	Palace Lantern	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	213
6.6.03	Li Xiang	Idealism	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	214, 215	E	V
6.6.04	Hong Zhuang Su Guo	Plain Red Outfit	Chen Dezhong before 1985	214
6.6.05	Lian Chun	Missing the Spring	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	214	L	V
6.6.06	Xiang Lu Zi Yan	Lu Mountain Purple Smoke*	Chen Dezhong before 1985	215		V	s
6.6.07	Lan Lou Yu Dai	Blue Robe Jade Belt	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	213
6.6.08	Lan Tian Piao Yun	Blue Sky Drifting Clouds	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	212
7.1#01	-	-	-	216
7.1#01	-	-	-	216
7.1#02	-	-	-	214
7.1#03	-	-	-	214
7.1.01	Ye Guang Bei	Luminous Cup	Chen Dezhong before 1985	214
7.1.02	Hei Xuan Feng	Black Whirlwind	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	215	E	V	u
7.1.03	Mo Hai Yin Zhou	Black Sea Silver Boat	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	215
7.1.04	Hei Yuan Shuai	Black Marshall	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	216	E
7.1.05	Hei Feng Die	Black Phoenix Butterfly	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	216 (2x)	E		u
7.1.06	Bing Xin Ye Guang Bei	Icy Heart Luminous Cup	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	215
7.1.07	Hei Zhou Chou	Black Crepe Silk	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	218
7.1.08	Zao Yuan Hong	Date Garden Red	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	219
7.1.09	Zi Die Ying Feng	Purple Butterfly Facing the Wind	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	216	E	V
7.1.10	Zi Die Chu Yu	Purple Butterfly New Wings	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	216	E	V
7.2.01	Da Ban Zi	Large Blotch Purple	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	218
7.2.02	Hei Wang Zi	Black Prince	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	218
7.3.01	Zi Ta Yan Yun	Purple Tower Smoke Cloud	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	218
7.3.02	Hei Zhen Zhu	Black Pearl	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	217, 218	E
7.4#01	-	-	-	218
7.4.01	Hei Tian E	Black Swan	Hong Tao between 1986 and 1992	218, 219	E
7.4.02	Mo Chou	Black Silk	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	218
7.4.03	Mo Guan Yin Xian	Black Crown Silver Thread	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	217
7.5.01	Mo Yun	Black Cloud	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	217	E
7.5.02	Mo Guan	Black Crown	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	218
8.1#01	-	-	-	222
8.1#02	-	-	-	222
8.1#03	-	-	-	222
8.1#04	-	-	-	222
8.1#05	-	-	-	222
8.1#06	-	-	-	222
8.1#07	-	-	-	222
8.1#08	-	-	-	222
8.1#09	-	-	-	222
8.1#10	-	-	-	222
8.1#11	-	-	-	222
8.1#12	-	-	-	222
8.1#13	-	-	-	223
8.1#14	-	-	-	223
8.1#15	-	-	-	223
8.1#16	-	-	-	221
8.1.01	Tian Jing Nu Lang	Track and Field Sports Women	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	223
8.1.02	Bing Xin Fen Lian	Icy Heart Pink Lotus	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	223
8.1.03	Zi Ye Fen	Purple Leaf Pink	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	221
8.1.04	Fen Jin Yu Zhu	Pink Scarf Jade Pearl	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	223
8.1.05	Zong Ban Fen	Brown Blotch Pink	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	223		V
8.1.06	Hong Hai Dan Xin	Red Ocean Red Heart	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	220
8.1.07	Tao Yuan	Peach Garden	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	223
8.1.08	Lan Feng Zhan Chi	Blue Phoenix Spreading Wings	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	220	E	V
8.1.09	Lan Hai Ying Yue	Blue Sea Reflecting the Moon	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	223
8.1.10	Tao Yun Yin Ge	Peach Garden Silver Pavilion	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	223
8.1.11	Lan He Dian Yun	Blue Lotus Speckled Colour	Chen Fuhui between 1995 and 2002	223
8.1.12	Lan Tian	Blue Sky	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	223
8.1.13	Guan Huai	Loving Care	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	221
8.2.01	Jin Ye Fen	Gold Leaf Pink	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	224, 225
8.2.02	Du Juan Ti Xue	Cuckoo's Sad Tears	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	224
8.2.03	Fen Rong Cha Cui	Pink Complexion Emerald Inlay	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	225
8.3#01	-	-	-	225
8.3#02	-	-	-	225
8.3#03	-	-	-	225
8.3#04	-	-	-	225
8.3.01	Liu Chun	Beautiful Spring	Chen Dezhong before 1985	225, 096
8.3.02	Lan Hai	Blue Sea	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	224
8.3.03	Lan Fu Rong	Blue Hibiscus	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	225
8.3.04	Jin Yu Xi Shui	Gold Fish Playing	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	224			s
8.3.05	Wu Long Jiao Hai	Black Dragon Overturns the Sea	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	224
8.4#01	-	-	-	225
8.4#02	-	-	-	226
8.4.01	Mo Shu Shi	Magician	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	225
8.4.02	San Hua Nu	Girl Spreading Flower Petals	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	227	E	V
8.4.03	Lan Zhen Zhu	Blue Pearl	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	227
8.4.04	Lan E Rong	Blue Goose-down	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	226
8.5.01	Lan Shan Hu	Blue Reef	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	224
8.5.02	Lan Guan Yu Zhu	Blue Crown Jade Pearl	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	228		V
8.5.03	Lan Ta Xiang Cui	Blue Pagoda Emerald Inlay	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	228
9.1#01	-	-	-	232
9.1#02	-	-	-	229
9.1#03	-	-	-	232
9.1#04	-	-	-	232
9.1#05	-	-	-	234
9.1#06	-	-	-	234
9.1#08	-	-	-	229
9.1#09	-	-	-	234
9.1#10	-	-	-	232
9.1#11	-	-	-	234
9.1#12	-	-	-	234
9.1#13	-	-	-	234
9.1#14	-	-	-	234
9.1#15	-	-	-	234
9.1#16	-	-	-	234
9.1#17	-	-	-	234
9.1#18	-	-	-	234
9.1#19	-	-	-	234
9.1.#20	-	-	-	236
9.1.#21	-	-	-	236
9.1.#22	-	-	-	236
9.1.#23	-	-	-	236
9.1.#24	-	-	-	236
9.1.#25	-	-	-	236
9.1.#26	-	-	-	236
9.1.#27	-	-	-	236
9.1.#28	-	-	-	236
9.1.#29	-	-	-	236
9.1.#30	-	-	-	236
9.1.#31	-	-	-	236
9.1.#32	-	-	-	237
9.1.#33	-	-	-	237
9.1.#34	-	-	-	237
9.1.#35	-	-	-	237
9.1.#36	-	-	-	237
9.1.#37	-	-	-	237
9.1.#38	-	-	-	237
9.1.#39	-	-	-	237
9.1.#40	-	-	-	237
9.1.#41	-	-	-	237
9.1.#42	-	-	-	237
9.1.#43	-	-	-	237
9.1.#44	-	-	-	238
9.1.#45	-	-	-	238
9.1.#46	-	-	-	238
9.1.01	Xue Hai Fei Hong	Snow Sea Arching Rainbow	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	238
9.1.02	Fen He Dian Yun	Pink Lotus Speckled Colour	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	238
9.1.03	Xin He Ying Ri	New Lotus Reflecting the Sun	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	238
9.1.04	Long Yuan Xia Nu	Martial Arts Girls on Gansu Plateau	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	238
9.1.05	Hei Hai Feng Yun	Stormy Black Ocean	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	231, 235	L
9.1.06	Zong Ban Fen He	Brown Blotch Pink Lotus	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	238
9.1.07	Zhou Lang	Handsome Mr. Zhou*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	231
9.1.08	Hei Rui Die	Black Butterfly	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	235	L
9.1.09	He Tang Ying Yue	Lotus Pond Reflecting the Moon	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	233 (3x), 235	L
9.1.10	He Hua Deng	Lotus Flower Lamp	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	232	L
9.1.11	Hui Die	Grey Butterfly	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	230	L	V	u
9.1.12	HuiHe	Grey Crane	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	230
9.1.13	Ri Yue Tong Hui	Sun and Moon Equal Glory	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	229, 232, 238
9.1.14	Han Hai Bing Xin	Endless Sea Icy Heart	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	232		V
9.2#01	-	-	-	238
9.2#02	-	-	-	238
9.2#03	-	-	-	238
9.2#04	-	-	-	240
9.2#05	-	-	-	240
9.2#06	-	-	-	240
9.2#07	-	-	-	241
9.2#08	-	-	-	241
9.2#09	-	-	-	241
9.2#10	-	-	-	239
9.2.01	Fen Bi Lan Xia	Pink Blue Cloud	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	239
9.2.02	Bo Si Nu	Persian Woman	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	241
9.2.03	Qiao Zhuang	Disguise	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	240
9.2.04	Fo Guang Lan	Buddhist-light Blue	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	239, 240	L
9.2.05	Bao Lian Deng	Precious Lotus Lamp*	Chen Fuhui between 1995 and 2002	241
9.2.06	Wang Gong Yuan	Palace Intrigue	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	240
9.2.07	Qiang Wei Lan	Rose Blue	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	241
9.2.08	Da Mo Feng Yun	Great Desert Storm Clouds	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	240		V
9.3#01	-	-	-	241
9.3#02	-	-	-	241
9.3#03	-	-	-	241
9.3#04	-	-	-	241
9.3.01	Bo Si Shao Nu	Persian Girl	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	241
9.3.02	Fen Rong Su Zhuang	Pink Complexion Plain Clothes	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992
9.3.03	Chang E Ben Yue	Chang E Flying to the Moon*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	242
9.3.04	Tai Kong Ren	Astronaut	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	243
9.3.05	Chun You	Spring Excursion	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	242
9.4#01	-	-	-	241
9.4#02	-	-	-	246
9.4#03	-	-	-	246
9.4.01	Fo Zhu	Buddhist Prayer Beads	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	246
9.4.02	Qi Lian Zhao Hui	Qi Lian Mountain Dawn*	Chen Dezhong between 2003 and 2005	245
9.4.03	Fen Zhen Zhu	Pink Pearls	Chen Dezhong between 2003 and 2005	245
9.4.04	Fen Lou Dian Jin	Pink Tower Speckled Gold	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	243
9.4.05	Yu Pan Fen Zhu	Jade Plate Pink Pearl	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	246
9.4.06	He Ping Er Qiao	Peace Twin Beauties	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	243, 244, 008
9.4.07	Feng Yan Si Qi	Smoke Rising at All Corners*	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	244
9.4.08	Bao Dao Shu Guang	Treasure Island Morning Light	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	246
9.4.09	Man Yuan Chun Se	Garden Full of Spring Colour	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	246
9.5#02	-	-	-	250
9.5#03	-	-	-	246
9.5.01	Luan Yun Fei Du	Ragged Clouds Crossing the Sky	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	250
9.5.02	Gu Sha Jin Zhong	Ancient Temple Gold Bell	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	246
9.5.03	Long Yuan Zhuang Shi	Heroes of Gansu Plateau	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	251		V
9.5.04	Cai Lou	Coloured Pavilion	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	247, 250	E		s
9.5.05	Lan Xia Fei Yun	Scudding Blue Cloud	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	249
9.5.06	Lan Yun Qian Li	Endless Blue Clouds	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	251
9.5.07	Cai Guan Yin Dai	Coloured Crown Silver Belt	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	247		V	s
9.5.08	Qi Lian Nong Xia	Thick Cloud on Qi Lian Mountain	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	246, 034		V
9.5.09	Cai Yun Ge	Coloured Cloud Pavilion	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	246
9.5.10	Ping Fen Qiu Se	Equally Shared Autumn Colour*	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	247, 248		V	u
9.5.11	Qi Lian Wan Xia	Evening Cloud on Qi Lian Mountain	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	249
9.5.12	Shui Man Jin Shan	Jin Mountain Submerged*	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	248
9.5.13	Jin Pao Yu Pei	Silk Robe Jade Belt	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	246
9.5.14	Da Mo Tuo Ling	Great Desert Camel Bell*	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	246
9.6#01	-	-	-	252
9.6#02	-	-	-	254
9.6#03	-	-	-	254
9.6.01	Fen Tai Xiang Cui	Pink Tower Inlaid with Emeralds	Chen Dezhong between 1986 and 1992	254
9.6.02	Lan Shan Chong Lou	Lan Mountain Pavilion Terraces	Chen Dezhong between 1995 and 2002	253			s
9.6.03	Xiang Yi Si Hai	Fragrance Permeates All Corners	Chen Dezhong between 1993 and 1994	253
9.6.04	Er Qiao Li Xiang	Twin Beauties Idealism	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	254
9.6.05	He Ping Tian Shi	Peace Angel*	Chen Fuhui between 2003 and 2005	251, 252

11.2 Explanatory Notes on the English Equivalent Gansu Mudan Names.

In these notes the word ancient is used loosely, not with the precise meaning it has for students of Chinese history. The terms story, legend and fairy story are used with some care but the distinctions are blurred: real characters often become the subjects of fiction.

1.1.2 See Chapter 9.2, p. 102.

1.1.5 Xue Hai, literally 'snow sea' here and in other names could mean a sea of white cloud or a range of snowy mountains like waves.

1.1.16 See Chapter 9.2, p. 102.

1.1.18 Wu Kong is the Monkey King who appears in the very famous sixteenth-century fantastical story 'Journey to the West'. The meditation here is more a reflection on his life, during a five hundred year confinement with his body, but not his head, trapped under a mountain.

1.1.19 Literally 'bear cat'.

1.1.26 Yan and Huang are legendary ancestors for the Chinese people and Huang He, the Yellow River, their legendary birthplace.

1.1.28 A familiar Chinese emblem. 1.1.31 A famous panda in Beijing Zoo.

1.1.36 A character called Guan Yu with a luxuriant beard in the ancient martial arts story 'Romance of Three Kingdoms'. Written during the Ming Dynasty and set in the pre-dynasty period of Chinese History, this is said to be the most popular historical novel in Asia

1.1.37 An idiom: a team of like-minded people working together.

1.1.38 From 'Romance of the Three Kingdoms' (see 1.1.36): in a plan devised by Zhuge Liang (see 1.1.49), straw effigies in boats are used to capture the enemy's arrows.

1.1.44 Zhao Jun is one of the four women in Chinese ancient history whose beauty is legendary. All four appear in Gansu Mudan names. See also 4.3.4, 4.5.9, 4.6.21.

1.1.45 The familiar stellar constellation (called the 'Cradle' in China).

1.1.49 Zhuge Liang, the master strategist in 'Romance of Three Kingdoms', is usually pictured carrying a feather fan and with his hair tied in a braid.

1.2.1 Fairy-like girls on a celestial platform in an ancient story.

1.2.2 Ji Gong's shabby palm-leaf fan. See 1.2.4.

1.2.4 The narrow base of the blotches resembles the fan carried by Ji Gong in traditional pictures. He was a legendary Buddhist wandering helper of the poor, also called the mad monk, and was said to have magical powers.

1.2.5 Yu Tang Chun is the eponymous heroine of a seventeenth-century novel.

1.2.10 Previously warring ancient (pre-dynasty) states now reconciled. Suggested by the blotch consisting of two distinct halves.

1.2.12 A big lake in Qinghai Province between Gansu and Tibet.

1.2.13 Romantic folk music because Mandarin ducks habitually go about in male and female pairs.

1.2.14 See Chapter 9.2, p. 101.

1.2.15 The treasure is the supporting pillar of the Emperor's Palace under the sea and is stolen by the Monkey King. See Chapter 9.2, p. 101.

1.2.16 An idiom-like phrase signifying health and vitality.

1.1.42 The planets of the solar system are traditionally called stars, as in the West Venus is called the morning star. The Earth Star is Saturn.

1.3.4 Actually the name of the twentieth of the twenty-four solar terms (little seasons) in the Chinese calendar: round about second half of November. The twenty-first solar term is called Big Snow.

1.3.7 From a fairy tale in which a child makes a dangerous mountain journey to find a lotus flower to save his mother's life.

1.3.12 From 'Romance of the Three Kingdoms' (see 1.1.36): an account of an actual battle, the blood of the fallen coloured the river.

1.3.14 From an incident in 'Journey to the West' (see 1.1.18) in which one of the Monkey King's companions is tricked into carrying a magic fan which gets bigger and bigger.

1.3.17 A Zorro-like character from an ancient martial arts story.

1.3.19 Li Hua is the name of the heroine in a folk play traditional to Gansu.

1.4.3 Xing Long is a famous mountain in Gansu, visible from Peace Peony Nursery.

1.5.4 As the flowers age, the stamens suggest baited fishing lines. In an ancient story wise old Jiang gives the emperor advice but not directly, dropping hints to tempt the emperor's interest.

1.5.5 Gold City here refers to Lanzhou in the Han Dynasty, the capital city of Gansu.

1.6.3 A phrase from a poem in a particular form by Mao Zedong entitled Snow and describing the snowy landscapes of northern China.

1.6.7 Literally Five Gold Flowers, the name of a famous old film about five girls from a district in Yunnan where all the girls are called Gold Flowers.

1.6.13 Bai He is a lily (lilium), eaten as a vegetable, common in Gansu but a delicacy in other places.

1.6.15 White Pagoda Hill is a famous picturesque feature in Lanzhou City, Gansu.

2.1.10 Huang Shan, Yellow Mountain, is a very beautiful world heritage site in Anhui Province.

4.1.6 An idiom: literally very happy very excited and carefree.

4.1.12 An idiom: literally iron face selfless, a reference to Bao Gong, (see 6.1.7).

4.2.3 From an ancient legend, a celestial platform or stage from which a commander addresses his troops or on which ministers gather for conferences.

4.2.5 An incident from 'Journey to the West' (see 1.1.18) involving the prankster Ne Zha.

4.2.6 A traditional tableau in festivals.

4.3.2 An idiom: literally put on theatrical makeup to go on stage; in practice, somebody preparing themselves for a performance or demonstration in the theatre of life.

4.3.4 Wen Jun, from the West Han Dynasty, was one of the four legendary beauties. She was also very talented. Her story involves a romance with an eminent man of letters.

4.3.8 As 1.5.5.

4.4.2 See Chapter 9.2, p. 101.

4.4.10 From the famous eighteenth-century (Qing Dynasty) novel 'Dream of Red Chambers'. Autumn; Dai Yu sweeps fallen flower petals into a hole and feels this is a symbol for her own life.

4.5.2 Wan Li is a thousand li (about 500 km); 'Xia Guang' indicates the first rays of the sun.

4.5.7 From a fairy tale: Chang E has flown to the Moon with a white rabbit and waits for her lover.

4.5.9 Zui Fei, one of the four legendary beauties, was said to be even more attractive when slightly drunk.

4.5.20 Despite the curious name there is no story or legend involved.

4.5.21 A set phrase: an exhortation to continue learning and developing.

CHAPTER 11 MAIN CULTIVAR LIST AND NOTES

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4.5.23 Named for Professor Li Jiajue's wife.

4.5.24 An episode from 'Journey to the West' (see 1.1.18): before the guests arrive at a party to celebrate and enjoy the ripe peaches, the Monkey King eats them.

4.6.3 Named after a Mudan scholar who visited Peace Peony Nursery for study.

6.4.23 A set phrase from the time of The Great Leap Forward'.

6.4.26 An idiom: literally 'five colours six colours', used to describe anything that is highly coloured.

6.5.2 A set phrase: literally 'full hall red' meaning all around success, also used sarcastically to mean the opposite.

4.6.10 Yu Zhong is the name of the county where 6.5.17 Literally rich beautiful red but actually Peace Peony Nursery is situated. combines two people's given names.

4.6.19 Mai Ji Shan is a mountain in Gansu.

4.6.20 Despite the curious name there is no story or legend involved.

4.6.21 As the legendary beauty, Diao Chan, bows to the Moon, a cloud discretely obscures her from the Moon's gaze.

5.5.2 Chen Hong is a famous Chinese athlete.

5.5.3 Dark coloured, named after Professor Li Jiajue.

5.5.5 The palace of Xuan Nu, a mythical person, the sister of an Emperor of the West Heaven.

6.1.1 The planet Mercury.

6.1.7 Judge Bao Gong (Bao Zheng) was a senior official of the Northern Song Dynasty and subsequently a character in ancient stories. He was highly esteemed for his strictness in upholding justice and opposing corruption no matter how powerful the miscreant. See 4.1.12 (the plants are almost identical).

6.2.5 Three prominent characters in 'Romance of the Three Kingdoms' (see 1.1.36) meet again after eighteen years.

6.3.4 A film based on a love story from the Qing Dynasty.

6.4.1 An idiom: full of life and energy prepared for anything.

6.4.17 See 4.4.10.

6.6.1 Here the flying swallow is not a bird but a Han Dynasty Emperor's wife.

6.6.6 Lu Mountain, in Jiangxi province, is another very beautiful mountain and world heritage site. The characters of the plant name are taken from a stanza by the famous Tang Dynasty poet Li Bai.

9.1.7 A famous heroic general from the time of the Three Kingdoms, the subject of a poem by the celebrated Song Dynasty poet Su Shi (Su Dong Po).

9.2.5 A fairy story similar to 1.3.7: here the crucial object is a lamp.

9.3.3 See 4.5.7 but here Chang E is actually making the journey.

9.4.2 Qi Lian is a mountain in Gansu.

9.4.7 A phrase from a song in a relatively modern musical pageant: an impending battle; at the four corners of the citadel smoke rises from the night watchmen's fires.

9.5.10 An idiom expressing the outcome of some sort of competitive activity in which the honours are equally shared.

9.5.12 From the epic seventeenth-century fairy story The Tale of the White Snake'. Also a film.

9.5.14 From far away across the (Gobi) desert the sound of a camel bell is heard.

9.6.5 A reminder that 'Peace Peony Nursery' means simply the peony nursery at the village in Gansu called Peace Village.270

SECTION 4 NOTES AND LISTS

CHAPTER 11 MAIN CULTIVAR LIST AND NOTES

271

11.3 A Basic Pronunciation Guide for Pinyin Cultivar Names

The main difference between words in English and words in pinyin is that in pinyin all words are essentially of one-syllable. In Chinese there are 'compound words' made up of individual pinyin words run together but there are none to be found in the cultivar names. The other major difference is that whereas in English the vowel sounds are simple (albeit with inconsistent and confusing spelling) and there are complicated clusters of consonants (words like 'stripe', 'fluster', 'scrounge'), in pinyin the consonants are simple (albeit unfamiliar in some cases) but some of the vowels are more complex sounds (e.g., 'yun' is pronounced 'yoo-un' said quickly).

A profound difficulty in the correct pronunciations of words in pinyin linked, in a sense, to the more complex vowels is of course the tones. There are four possible tones for most pinyin words: first tone - flat, second tone -rising, third tone - falling then rising, fourth tone - quick falling. Each tone usually corresponds to a substantially different meaning. For accurate pronunciation, and hence meaning each pinyin word should have the tone-marker (1,2,3 or 4) added, but as tones present a substantial extra complication, for the purposes of this basic pronunciation guide this aspect is ignored.

Most of the consonants in pinyin are pronounced as they would be commonly pronounced in English.

There are some complications with g, z, c,

zh, ch, sh, j, q, x and h:

G is pronounced as in goat.

Z is pronounced like ds in adds, and C

like ts in bits.

With the tongue curled back: ZH is pronounced similar to j in jury and ch in child. With the tongue flat, corners of lips drawn back as far as possible: / is pronounced like g in genius; Q like ch in chew; and SH like sh in sheep. X is pronounced like sh in sheep but with the lips pointing forward and corners pulled inwards.

With the back of the tongue towards the roof of the mouth: H is pronounced like ch in German, Rauch for example and the Scottish loch.

The vowel sounds are more varied. The vowels and vowel combinations that occur in Gansu Mudan names, some of which are perhaps unexpected are:

A is like a in father; AI like I in bite; AO like ow in cow, almost two vowels ah-oo. E is like ur in fur; El like ay in play; EN like un in under; ENG like ung in bung. I (after z, c, s, zh, ch, sh and r only) is pronounced like er in wonder; elsewhere, I is like ea in tea. I A is pronounced like the German ja; IAO like eow in meow; IE like ie in French Pierre; IU like yo in yoyo; IAN like Japanese yen; IANG like (yin and) yang; IONG like the German name Jung. O is like ore in more; OH like o in go; ONG like ung in Jung;

H is like ew in stew; HA as in suave; HO is pronounced like war; UAI like wi in swipe; Ul is pronounced like weigh; HAN like wan in wangle; HN like won in wondrous (but with the o like oo in book); HANG approximately like w-ong in wrong.

YH is like eu in pneumatic; YHE like eu plus air said quickly; YUAN like eu plus en said quickly; and YHN like eu plus un said quickly.

This long list of rules may seem very complicated but the magnificence of the plants deserves a little effort. And it is better to use the pinyin names with some errors in pronunciation than the English equivalents which should not be regarded as names at all.

Or, of course, if and when a prose name presents a problem, there is the simple and unambiguous number to use instead.

There is no accepted convention about the use of upper case with words in pinyin. Often upper case is used for the initial letter of each word. This has the advantage of making the individual words clearly distinct for people unfamiliar with them but seems to us generally inappropriate. However as the pinyin words we are concerned with are almost always proper names we have adopted the convention of initial letters in upper case.